IoT Smart Home Controller

Project Overview

The IoT Smart Home Controller is a comprehensive home automation system built around the ESP32 microcontroller platform. This project demonstrates advanced embedded systems design, wireless communication protocols, and modern IoT architecture principles.

Technical Specifications

Hardware Components

• Main Controller: ESP32-WROOM-32 with dual-core processor
• Sensors: DHT22 (temperature/humidity), PIR motion sensors, LDR light sensors
• Actuators: Relay modules for appliance control, servo motors for blinds
• Communication: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee mesh networking
• Power Supply: 12V DC with battery backup system

Firmware Architecture

The embedded software follows a modular architecture with:

// Main controller loop with FreeRTOS tasks
void setup() {
  initializeHardware();
  connectToWiFi();
  setupMQTTClient();
  createTasks();
}

void loop() {
  // Main loop handles critical real-time operations
  handleEmergencyStops();
  maintainConnections();
  delay(10);
}

Key Features

Intelligent Automation

• Learning Algorithms: Adaptive scheduling based on usage patterns
• Presence Detection: Multiple sensor fusion for accurate occupancy detection
• Energy Optimization: Automatic load balancing and peak shaving

Security & Reliability

• Encrypted Communication: TLS/SSL for all wireless transmissions
• Fail-safe Mechanisms: Hardware watchdog and software error recovery
• Local Operation: Critical functions work without internet connectivity

User Interface

• Mobile App: Real-time control and monitoring with push notifications
• Web Dashboard: Browser-based interface for advanced configuration
• Voice Control: Natural language processing for hands-free operation

Electronics Design

PCB Layout Considerations

• EMI Shielding: Proper ground planes and component placement
• Power Management: Efficient switching regulators and low-power modes
• Signal Integrity: Controlled impedance for high-speed digital signals

Component Selection

All components chosen for industrial-grade reliability:

• Extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C)
• Low power consumption for battery operation
• RoHS compliant and long-term availability

Performance Metrics

• Response Time: < 200ms for local commands
• Battery Life: 72+ hours during power outages
• Wireless Range: 50+ meters indoor coverage
• Reliability: 99.8% uptime over 6 months of testing

Future Enhancements

• Integration with renewable energy systems
• Machine learning for predictive maintenance
• Support for Matter/Thread protocols
• Edge AI for local voice processing